• An object of the Exception base class.

Syntax Error :

caused by the wrong syntax in the code. It leads to the termination of the program.

val = 10

if(val > 20) #:
  print("Example")

# SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Exceptions :

• Code is syntactically correct
• But the logic gives out an error
• Doesn’t terminate the program but changes the flow of it.

balance = 10000 
rem = balance / 0 
print(rem)

# ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Exceptions in Python

• Python has many builtin exceptions
• When these exceptions occur, the Python interpreter stops the current process and passes it to the calling process until it is handled
• for A(B(C))) passes control from C → B → A if exception isn't handled at even A, the program crashes.
• If not handled, the program will crash.

# ZeroDivisionError: This occurs when a number is divided by zero.
# NameError: It occurs when a name is not found. It may be local or global.
# IndentationError: It occurs when incorrect indentation is given.
# IOError: It occurs when an Input-Output operation fails.
# EOFError: It occurs when the end of the file is reached, and yet operations are being performed.

Catching Exceptions

• Basically if else ladder.
• Suspicious code → try: block
• Backup code → except: block
• There has to be at least one except statement in a try-except block.